Delirium is an acute disorder of arousal and attention that is commonly encountered, incompletely understood, and associated with adverse outcomes including increased morbidity and mortality, reduced health-related quality of life, and increased healthcare costs. In this narrative review, authors examine the epidemiology, potential pathophysiological mechanisms, assessment, prevention, and treatment of this cognitive disorder.

A healthy lifestyle includes appropriate caloric intake, reduced intake of saturated fat and sugar-containing snacks and beverages, increased intake of vegetables and unsaturated fat, an increase in physical activity, and possibly avoiding even a small amount of alcohol intake.

Prenatal invasive tests are being used for the diagnosis of fetal aneuploidies. Fetal loss is the major complication of invasive procedures with varying proportions. In this prospective study, authors aimed to determine the predictivity of cervical length (CL) in terms of miscarriage associated with diagnostic prenatal invasive procedures that are performed in two separate centers.

Cannabis remains one of the most universally abused recreational drugs. Cannabis abuse can have several cardiovascular adverse effects and an overdose can lead to cardiac arrest. Binge alcohol drinking and subsequent withdrawal in the background of cannabis overdose can lead to convulsion and QT prolongation leading to malignant arrhythmia. We report two cases of ventricular fibrillation complicated with seizure precipitated by cannabis overdose and alcohol withdrawal. Such serious clinical presentation complicated with cardiac arrest does not necessarily lead to a fatal outcome if timely medical attention and care are provided. Timely aggressive resuscitative measures combined with intensive care can lead to a successful outcome. Later on, psychiatric counseling and occupational and behavioral therapies can help them to live longer.

Proximal fecal diversion is the treatment of choice in the cases of extra-peritoneal rectal injuries that are not amenable for primary repair due to their distant location or high grade. The posterior approach enables complete excision of well-defined abscess cavities that communicate with the rectal lumen with full-thickness repair of the rectal defect. An important privilege of pouch excision through the posterior approach was the preservation of rectal reservoir and the sensation that would have been compromised if proctectomy with coloanal anastomosis was alternatively performed.

IM ketorolac appears to be a safe non-opioid pain control measure that can be used with any topical and infiltrative local anesthesia regimen with or without sedation. It can potentially provide increased pain control resulting in a more pleasant experience for the patient and surgeon, and in patients undergoing more extensive rhinology procedures and anxious patients concerned about pain. Providing additional pain control with IM ketorolac in selected patients could be a significant variable allowing completion of planned office rhinology procedures in unexpectedly difficult cases. A well-designed clinical pain control study using IM ketorolac for office rhinology procedures has merit and should be performed, but until this occurs IM ketorolac is an option for the otolaryngologist that can be implemented now for those who desire an additional safe pain control measure.

An important aspect of the analysis of the proliferation of cell populations as composed of a set of intercommunicating logistic domains is the nature of the barriers between adjacent domains and the regulation of cellular migration between them. The nature of these inter-domain boundaries is discussed in relation to the central role of L-type calcium channels in the control of cell motility and it is proposed that domain boundaries are determined by proteoglycans which act as calcium chelators and hence regulate the local extracellular Ca++ concentration. The selective migratory advantage gained by overexpression of calcium channels is briefly alluded to.

A 43-year-old male presented with a 10-cm tumor in the left forearm that had grown progressively for 5 months. A pathological analysis confirmed a diagnosis of high-grade fibrosarcoma. The image on the rare entity contributes to the notion of this disease.

An increasing burden is loaded on clinical laboratories for daily testing of body fluids, including pleural fluid, peritoneal fluid (ascites), pericardial fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid. The request for detection of cellular components in the body fluid samples is usually delivered simultaneously to the hospital’s hematology laboratory and cytology laboratory. The medical technologists of hematology laboratory provide the screening result for suspicious malignant cells; meanwhile, the pathologists of cytology laboratory provide the presence of cancer cells at a diagnostic level. However, unfortunately, neither of these results reaches 100% sensitivity or specificity. To assess the clinical practice values, the present study performed a comparison of the hematology and cytology laboratories on the detection of malignancy in body fluids.

Esophageal granular cell tumors (GCT) represent a rare entity of tumors of the esophagus. Patients with esophageal GCTs are usually asymptomatic, with the lesion most commonly presenting as an incidental finding on endoscopy. The GCTs of the esophagus are poorly understood in medical literature. It is unknown if they undergo malignant degeneration, whether the malignancy can be diagnosed preoperatively, and how the tumor can be managed. The authors evaluated the clinical and pathologic features of all esophageal GCTs at their institution to understand them better.